Reference document from IEE Essex 's 5 April 2000 Lecture, Information Warfare - Battles in Cyberspace" by Dr Richard Overill.

• Terminology: Information Warfare, CyberWar, CyberTerrorisni, HackerWar, Software War, Electronic War, Digital War, Information Assurance;
• Origins: Thomas P Rona, "Weapon Systems and lnforma,tion War", July 1976;
• Definitions:
  - (Schwartau, 1993): A conflict in which information and information systems act as both the weapons and the targets;
  - (DoD) 1995): Actions taken to achieve information superiority by affecting adversary informnation, information-based processes and information systems, while protecting one's own information, information-based processes and information systems;
  - (Widnall & Fogleman, 1995): Any action to deny, exploit, corrupt or destroy the enemy's information and its functions, protecting ourselves against those actions, and exploiting our own military information functions;
  - (Knecht, 1996): The preparation for and use of physical or logic-based weapons to disrupt or destroy information or information systems in order to degrade or disrupt functions that depend on the information or information systems;
  - (MoD, 1997) The deliberate, unauthorised and systematic attack on critical information activities to exploit information, deny services to the authorised user, modify and corrupt data;
• Public awareness: John Deutsch, CIA Chief, 25 June 1996;
• Related to Command & Control Warfare (C2W), Command, Control, Communications, Computers & Intelligence Warfare (C41W), Information Infrastructure Warfare (12W), and Psychological Operations (PsyOps);
• 12W: Attacks on National Information Infrastructure (NII), Government Information Infrastructure (GII), Defence Information Infrastructure (DII), or Global Information Infrastructure (e.g. Internet);
• "Electronic Pearl Harbour" scenario;
• "The most advanced society is only 4 meals away from anarchy" (Stephen Badsey, Sandhurst);
• Offensive and defensive InfoWar (IW-O & IW-D);
• Potential actors: hackers, cyber-mercenaries, anarchists, terrorist groups, national security agencies, counterintelligence agencies, the military;
• Capabilities, motives and objectives of potential actors;
• Tools for attack: denial of service (electronic siege) with HIRF/EMP, malicious software (worms, viruses, Trojan Horses, logic bombs), electronic eavesdropping (TEMPEST) and disinformation (espionage, counterespionage);
• 'Smart' weapons as potential IW-O targets;
• Moral aspects: a 'clean' war? - collateral damage.
• Reading: Neil Barrett, Digital Crime (Kogan Page, 1997) Chapter 6.
• Surfing: http://www.open.ac.uk/bbc/digitalplanet http://www.infowar.com

sourced by Paul Macken